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Diabetes is a leading cause of diabetic nephropathy, a kidney condition resulting from uncontrolled blood sugar levels. If left untreated, minor kidney damage can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or even kidney failure.

A balanced diet is a crucial part of the health management equation. The right foods for diabetes and kidney disease can help control glucose levels and ease the load on the kidneys. It can be challenging to figure out which foods to include and avoid, but working with a registered dietitian can reduce the stress of planning balanced meals that support both blood sugar control and kidney health.

Key Takeaways

  • Uncontrolled blood sugar levels can contribute to health complications, like kidney disease, which affects one in three Americans.
  • The key to preventing kidney disease in people with diabetes is maintaining an HbA1c level below 5.7%.
  • A diabetes- and kidney-friendly diet plan often includes foods low in sodium, potassium, and phosphorus, such as leafy greens, fatty fish, and berries.
  • Prioritizing hydration by drinking lots of water or consuming hydrating fruits like cucumber and watermelon can support your kidneys.

1 in 3 People With Diabetes Develop Kidney Disease

1 in 3 People With Diabetes Develop Kidney Disease

Diabetes is a key factor in developing kidney impairment. According to the National Kidney Foundation, about 30% of people with Type 1 diabetes and between 10%-40% of those with Type 2 diabetes eventually get diagnosed with kidney failure.

Often, diabetic nephropathy or kidney disease caused by diabetes doesn’t manifest apparent symptoms in its early stage. That’s why it’s crucial for diabetes patients to have yearly blood and urine tests to check their kidney health. Early detection can lead to early intervention that helps prevent fatal diabetes complications.

How to Prevent Kidney Disease When You Have Diabetes

If you’re predisposed to diabetic nephropathy, your first line of defense is controlling your blood sugar levels. Extreme glucose fluctuations can harm your kidneys’ filtering system over time. Keeping your HbA1c levels within a healthy range — specifically below 5.7% — helps protect your kidneys and lowers the risk of complications.

A good place to start is by being more mindful of what you eat. Consuming unhealthy foods can raise blood sugar levels and strain your kidneys. If you’re unsure what food options should be included in a healthy diet for kidney disease and diabetes, working with a nutritionist or dietitian for diabetes ensures your diet supports your overall well-being.

Best Foods for Diabetics with Kidney Disease Patients

Sliced ??chicken steak with peas, tomatoes, kiwi and pumpkin.

Choosing the right foods helps manage blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of kidney problems. Here’s a table comparing the best and worst foods for diabetics with kidney disease:

Best Foods Foods to Avoid
Low-potassium fruits (grapes, berries, cucumber) High-potassium foods (bananas, oranges, potatoes)
Whole grains (in moderation) (oats, quinoa, brown rice) Phosphorus-rich foods (dairy, meat, processed foods)
Non-starchy vegetables (cabbage, bell peppers, cauliflower) High-sodium foods (pickled foods, canned soups, fast food)
Lean proteins (lean meat, tofu, unsalted seafood) Red meats and organ meats (beef, mutton, goat)
Healthy fats (olive oil, avocado in small amounts) Fried and greasy foods (fried chicken, French fries, processed meats)
Unsalted nuts and seeds (almonds, cashews, pistachios) High-protein diets
Hydrating foods ( cucumbers, watermelon in moderation) Sugary drinks and snacks (sodas, candies, pastries)
Diet is typically more restrictive if you have coexisting diabetes and kidney disease compared to diabetes alone.

What Are the 10 Best Foods for Kidney Disease?

Foods good for diabetics with kidney disease include:

  • Lean protein: Skinless chicken and fish are excellent protein sources that support healthy cells and tissues.
  • Fish high in omega-3 fatty acids: Salmon and sardines can help fight inflammation.
  • Leafy greens: Cabbage and spinach are loaded with folate that supports kidney health.
  • Berries: Blueberries and strawberries are chock-full of antioxidants with anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Onions: They’re high in flavonoids but low in potassium.
  • Egg whites: They’re a good source of protein but low in phosphorus.
  • Garlic: It’s a great alternative to salt when adding flavors to dishes. Plus, it contains sulfur compounds that reduce inflammation.
  • Bulgur: This whole grain has lower potassium and phosphorus than other whole grain options.
  • Cauliflower: It has vitamin K, fiber, and folate, which are good for your kidneys.
  • Water: Maintaining proper hydration supports optimal kidney function.

While these foods are generally kidney-friendly, it’s best to consult a registered dietitian to personalize your diet and determine which foods to limit or avoid.

What Should a Diabetic With Kidney Disease Eat for Breakfast?

Breakfast is an important meal, especially for those managing diabetes and kidney disease. Here are some suitable options:

    • Spiced porridge with quick-stewed apples
    • Omelette with spring onions and goat’s cheese
    • Haddock and kale kedgeree
    • Creamy garlic beans on toast
    • Blueberry wholegrain muffins
    • Buckwheat granola with macadamia nuts and cranberries

A skilled dietitian can help you incorporate more variety into your breakfast to maintain a healthy appetite.

Foods to Avoid for People With Kidney Disease and Diabetes

Many foods that are usually part of a healthy diet may not be good if you have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some foods to avoid with kidney disease and diabetes are those high in salt, potassium, and phosphorus, as these minerals can overload your kidneys, leading to other health complications.

Kimchi is a bad food for the kidneys because this pickled product contains loads of salt. Similarly, bananas, certain nuts, and dairy products should be limited because they’re high in potassium and phosphorus.

Heart problems are a well-known complication of CKD caused by too much phosphorus in the blood. Phosphorus is essential for bone health, but the body only needs a limited amount of it. The extra is filtered by the kidneys and excreted through urine.

Impaired kidneys make it hard for the body to eliminate excess phosphorus, which can lead to blood vessel damage if left unmanaged. That’s why being more selective about what you eat is essential.

Depending on the severity of CKD, your doctor may also recommend reducing your protein intake. Consuming too much protein can worsen the symptoms of kidney disease.

Your dietitian can help create the ideal meal plan that protects your kidneys and lowers your blood sugar levels.

Meal Plan Tips for People With Kidney Disease and Diabetes

Creating a meal plan that is both diabetes- and kidney-friendly can be challenging. The more dietary restrictions you have, the fewer food choices are available. Here are some tips to simplify a diabetic and renal diet.

  • 1

    Balance the Portions

    Control the carbs to regulate blood sugar levels, cut down on protein to ease kidney load, and reduce sodium intake. Managing portions involves counting your macros. Online apps like MyFitnessPal make tracking your carb and protein intake easier. You can also use them to plan your meals.
  • 2

    Choose Whole, Unprocessed Foods

    The best diet hack is to focus on fresh and unprocessed selections. Eat more leafy greens and non-starchy vegetables, pick low-potassium and phosphorus whole grains, and consume lean proteins in moderation.
  • 3

    Prioritize Hydration

    Drink water regularly unless your doctor recommends reducing your fluid intake. Maintaining proper hydration is essential in both managing diabetes and CKD.
  • 4

    Plan Weekly Meals

    Last-minute unhealthy choices are hard to avoid unless you prep your meals in advance. Work with a dietitian to help you create and tailor a meal plan that suits your health needs.

Choosing the Right Foods for Diabetes and Kidney Disease

Effective disease management involves more than just taking medication. Thoughtful food choices are a crucial element in the treatment plan. Focus on kidney- and diabetes-friendly food options to nourish your body, regulate your glucose levels, and preserve your kidneys’ functions.

If you need help, don’t hesitate to enlist a registered dietitian who understands your health needs from a nutritional perspective. A dietitian can develop a personalized meal plan and provide ongoing support to help you maintain optimal health.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Foods that are low in potassium, phosphorus, and sodium are good for people with diabetes and kidney disease. Some examples are leafy greens, lean protein, non-starchy vegetables, and unsalted nuts.

The best way to protect your kidneys from the effects of diabetes is to manage your blood sugar levels. In addition to taking antidiabetic medications, regular exercise and a balanced diet can help preserve kidney function.

Healthcare providers delay or prevent diabetic kidney disease by controlling blood sugar levels and managing blood pressure. Diet and exercise help support overall health.

Sugar doesn’t directly impact the kidneys, but if you have diabetes, it’s best to limit your intake. Consuming sugary foods and beverages can cause glucose spikes, which can increase the risk of diabetic kidney disease.

Foods loaded with anti-inflammatory compounds and antioxidants support the kidneys’ optimal function. Some examples are leafy greens, fatty fish, cauliflower, and garlic.